Type 2 diabetes blood sugar levels

Type 2 diabetes blood sugar levels is one of the most common and growing diseases worldwide. What’s worrying is that many people don’t realize they have this disease until serious complications develop. Therefore, understanding the causes of hyperglycemia and how to control blood sugar is very important to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms and complications of high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a long-term disease and can cause many serious complications if not well controlled. Some common symptoms of type 2 diabetes include:

Symptoms of high blood sugar

• Craving to eat and drink more than usual
• Headache
• Tired and sleepy
• Thirst and urinate more than usual
• Feeling of dry mouth
• Knee pain and difficulty moving
• Unexplained weight changes

Complications of high blood sugar

• Stroke: High blood sugar can clog blood vessels in the brain, causing a stroke.
• Heart and artery disease: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels and lead to heart and artery problems.
• Kidney failure: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the kidneys and cause kidney failure.
• Impaired vision: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the eyes and cause impaired vision.
• Leg injuries: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the legs and cause wounds that are difficult to heal.

Goals for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes

The main goal of blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes is to keep blood sugar levels within the normal range and prevent complications. This can be achieved through the following measures:

Losing weight

If you are overweight or obese, losing weight will help improve blood sugar control. Some studies have shown that weight loss of 5-10% of body weight can help improve blood sugar status in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diet

Diet is an important factor in controlling blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. You should focus on eating lots of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and foods rich in fiber. In addition, you need to limit sweets, fast food and processed foods because they can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar.

Do exercise

Regular exercise can help improve blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. You can exercise for 30-60 minutes a day, including activities such as walking, jogging, and swimming. wading or gentle exercise. In addition, you should also focus on increasing daily activities such as walking instead of using elevators or cars.

The role of diet in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes

Diet is an important factor in controlling blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. A scientific and balanced diet can help maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range and prevent complications. symptoms of the disease.

Foods you should eat

• Green vegetables: Green vegetables are rich in fiber and low in calories, helping to improve blood sugar and maintain weight.
• Fruit: Fruit is rich in vitamins and fiber, which can help control blood sugar and prevent complications of the disease.
• Whole grains: Whole grains are rich in fiber and have a low glycemic index, helping to effectively control blood sugar.
• Protein-rich foods: Meats, fish, eggs and beans can help maintain weight and control blood sugar.
• Good fats: Good fats like olive oil, coconut oil and flaxseed oil can help improve heart health and control blood sugar.

Foods should be limited

• Sweets: Sweets contain a lot of sugar and calories, causing a rapid increase in blood sugar.
• Fast food and processed foods: These foods are often high in sugar and fat, are not good for health and can cause high blood sugar.
• Breads, pastries and products made from white flour: These foods have a high glycemic index and can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar.
• Carbonated drinks and sugary drinks: These drinks contain a lot of sugar and calories, are not good for health and can cause high blood sugar.

Exercise and its impact on blood sugar in type 2 diabetes

Regular exercise can help improve blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to helping maintain weight and reducing the risk of complications of the disease, exercise also has a positive impact. to blood sugar as follows:

Reduce blood sugar levels

When exercising, the body will use energy from glucose in the blood to provide for activities. Therefore, blood sugar levels will decrease and remain at normal levels for a long time after exercise.

Increases the body’s ability to use insulin

Regular exercise can help the body increase its ability to use insulin, helping to control blood sugar more effectively.

Reduce the risk of complications of the disease

Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of complications of type 2 diabetes such as heart and artery disease, kidney failure and impaired vision.

Drugs to treat blood sugar in type 2 diabetes: Insulin and oral medications

If controlling blood sugar with diet and exercise isn’t effective enough, your doctor may prescribe medication to help maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range. There are two main types of treatment for type 2 diabetes: insulin and oral medications.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas and plays an important role in regulating blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetics often do not produce enough insulin or the body does not use insulin effectively, so insulin injections are needed to maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range.

Drug

Oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes include:

• Metformin: The first drug prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes. It helps the body use insulin more effectively and reduces blood sugar production from the liver.
• Sulfonylureas: A drug that stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. However, it can cause weight gain and decreased blood sugar control over time.
• Thiazolidinediones: A medication that helps the body use insulin more effectively and reduces blood sugar production from the liver. However, it can cause weight gain and have side effects on the liver.
• Incretin mimetics: A drug that stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin and helps the body use insulin more effectively. It also helps with weight loss and reduces the risk of complications of the disease.
• DPP-4 inhibitors: A drug that helps the body use insulin more effectively and reduces blood sugar production from the liver. However, it can cause weight gain and is not recommended for people with kidney failure.

Home blood glucose monitoring: Importance and guidelines

Home blood sugar monitoring is an important part of blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. This helps you monitor your blood sugar levels and adjust your diet and medication dosage accordingly. Here are some guidelines for monitoring blood sugar at home:

Use a blood glucose meter

A blood glucose meter is an important tool for monitoring your blood sugar levels. You can easily use this machine at home to check your blood sugar level before and after eating, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Record blood sugar results

Recording daily blood sugar results is an effective way to monitor changes in blood sugar levels and help your doctor make appropriate adjustments to your diet and medications.

Get an A1C test done periodically

The A1C test is a way to evaluate average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Your doctor will ask you to perform this test periodically to monitor your blood sugar status and adjust your treatment regimen if necessary.

Measures to prevent complications due to high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes

To reduce the risk of complications from high blood sugar, people with type 2 diabetes should adhere to the following precautions:

• Control blood sugar: Follow diet, exercise and use medication as prescribed by your doctor to keep blood sugar levels within the normal range.
• Maintain weight: Maintaining an ideal weight can help control blood sugar and reduce the risk of complications.
• Perform regular A1C testing: This test helps monitor blood sugar status and adjust treatment regimen if necessary.
• Heart health check: This helps detect and treat heart and artery problems early.
• Kidney and vision health check: This helps detect and treat kidney and vision problems early.
• Take diabetes prevention measures: These include maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and losing weight if necessary.

Screening and early diagnosis of high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes

Screening and early diagnosis of high blood sugar is an effective way to detect and treat type 2 diabetes promptly. Screening and diagnostic measures include:

• Check blood sugar: This is the simplest way to detect high blood sugar. If your blood sugar level is higher than normal, your doctor may order other tests to diagnose the condition.
• A1C test: This test helps evaluate average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.
• Postprandial glucose test: This is a test to check blood sugar levels after eating to evaluate the body’s ability to use insulin.
• Fasting glucose test: This is a test to check fasting blood sugar levels to evaluate the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin.

Conclude

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that has the risk of causing many serious complications. However, controlling blood sugar through diet, exercise and medication can help maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range and reduce the risk of complications. Monitoring blood sugar at home and taking preventative measures are also important to maintain health and reduce the risk of complications. To detect and treat type 2 diabetes promptly, early screening and diagnosis is the most effective way. Always monitor your blood sugar levels and take preventative measures to maintain good health.